Shoulder Instability Treatment Options

Many patients experience relief from their symptoms with conservative treatment. When it fails to relieve pain and instability, surgery may be indicated.

When instability results from a shoulder dislocation or partial dislocation treatment will include temporary immobilization with a sling or brace, icing to reduce pain and swelling, anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy.

For chronic instability from all causes (including but not limited to repeated dislocations or subluxations, torn ligaments and/ or a torn labrum) conservative treatment will include:

• Rest
• Activity modification to avoid aggravating symptoms
• Over the counter anti-inflammatory NSAIDS to reduce pain and swelling
• Physical therapy to strengthen the rotator cuff and shoulder muscles to restore strength and range of motion

Arthroscopic stabilization surgery

Arthroscopic stabilization surgery is minimally invasive surgery to repair soft tissues. Usually, it is an outpatient procedure performed under anesthesia.  Several small incisions will be made to insert the arthroscope to view inside the joint and to insert tiny instruments to repair damage to the soft tissues. Various procedures are available to stabilize the shoulder. The technique chosen depends on cause of the instability, and the type and extent of damage.

After surgery, the arm will be immobilized in a sling for about a month, followed by surgeon-directed physical therapy. Complete recovery takes about six months. Return to sport may be permitted when the shoulder has returned to pre-injury status or when Dr. Petrigliano determines you are ready.

Arthroscopic surgery may be offered following the first episode of shoulder dislocation in individuals at risk for recurrent dislocations like those younger than age 25 and those who participate in contact sports.  It may also be offered to patients with symptomatic recurrent instability of the shoulder; and for patients with activity-related pain due to labral tears that did not respond to conservative treatment.

Open surgery

Open surgery may be necessary from some patients. It requires an incision over the shoulder to provide direct vision to repair the tissues.

Rehabilitation after surgery

The patient’s commitment to a full rehabilitation plan is essential to the success of the surgical procedure. The decision to operate and the choice of technique are individualized to each patient based on age, sports, and physical demands.